President Bola Tinubu’s administration has repeatedly pledged reforms in law enforcement, yet renewed reports of midnight arrests by operatives of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) have reopened national debate about policing standards and civil liberties.
Across several cities, residents have described late-night operations in which officers arrive in unmarked vehicles, force entry into homes and hostels, and make mass arrests of young people suspected of internet-related offences.
In Ajah, Lagos, residents of Goodnews Estate reported that operatives entered the area in the early hours, arrested dozens of occupants and seized personal devices during a coordinated sweep.
Some of those detained were later identified by relatives as students, ride-hailing drivers and freelance workers with no prior criminal record.
The pattern has revived memories of the now-disbanded Special Anti-Robbery Squad, which became notorious for similar tactics before its dissolution in 2020 after nationwide protests.
The EFCC was established in 2003 as a specialised institution to investigate economic and financial crimes, particularly large-scale fraud, money laundering and corruption involving public funds.
In its early years, the commission built a public image around high-profile investigations, convictions and recoveries linked to senior officials, bankers and politically exposed persons.
Security analysts note that the commission’s legal powers include the authority to arrest suspects, but that such powers are subject to constitutional safeguards on privacy, dignity and due process.
The issue now being raised by civil society groups is not the mandate of the EFCC but the manner in which that mandate is being exercised during some field operations.
The co-ordinator of the Legal Defence and Assistance Project, Adeola Akinremi, said in an earlier public statement that “law enforcement agencies must act within the limits of the law at all times, regardless of the offence being investigated.”
Human rights organisations have argued that raids carried out at night without clearly displayed warrants expose innocent citizens to trauma and increase the risk of abuse.
Families of some detainees have also raised concerns about prolonged detention and financial conditions attached to administrative bail.
In several reported cases, relatives said they were asked to produce large sums of money or property documents before access to their wards could be granted.
The EFCC has consistently maintained that its actions are driven by intelligence and that suspects are treated in accordance with the law.
The spokesperson of the commission, Dele Oyewale, said in a previous briefing that “the EFCC does not operate outside the law and every arrest is carried out based on actionable intelligence and lawful authority.”
Despite these assurances, comparisons with the former SARS unit continue to surface on social media and in public commentary.
SARS earned its negative reputation through a long history of stop-and-search profiling, arbitrary arrests and alleged extrajudicial actions against mostly young Nigerians.
Public trust in the police reached a breaking point in October 2020 when protests spread across major cities, eventually leading to the formal announcement of the unit’s dissolution.
Security experts caution that perceptions of institutional overreach, even when unproven, can weaken cooperation between citizens and law enforcement.
The chairman of the Civil Liberties Organisation, Auwal Musa Rafsanjani, said at a public forum that “crime control cannot be separated from human rights protection because both depend on public confidence.”
Observers also point to public frustration over the slow pace of high-profile corruption prosecutions as a backdrop to the anger now directed at street-level enforcement.
While the EFCC regularly announces arrests of cybercrime suspects, several politically sensitive cases have moved slowly through the courts over many years.
Legal practitioners explain that delays often result from injunctions, jurisdictional disputes and congested dockets, but public perception increasingly interprets the pattern through a political lens.
The contrast between mass youth arrests and unresolved elite corruption cases has become a recurring theme in media analysis.
Sociologists say this dynamic feeds a narrative in which young people feel targeted as symbols of crime while influential actors appear insulated.
Data from youth unemployment and underemployment figures continue to show a large population of digitally skilled but economically vulnerable Nigerians.
For many of them, laptops and smartphones represent tools for work, education and entrepreneurship as much as potential instruments of crime.
The broader fear expressed by families affected by recent raids is not only detention but reputational damage that may follow even without formal charges.
Community leaders in parts of Lagos, Ibadan and Benin have called for clearer operational guidelines that can be understood by the public.
They are also requesting improved communication channels between residents and enforcement agencies during large-scale operations.
Within government circles, officials insist that institutional reforms in policing and security are ongoing and that abuses will not be tolerated if proven.
The minister of justice and attorney general of the federation, Lateef Fagbemi, has previously stated that “no security agency is above the law and any violation will attract consequences.”
For now, the debate over EFCC raids reflects a larger national struggle to balance crime control with human rights protection.
Nigeria’s experience with SARS remains a reference point in public consciousness, shaping expectations of how enforcement bodies should behave in a democratic system.
Whether the current concerns signal a systemic drift or isolated operational failures remains a matter of investigation and public scrutiny.
What is clear is that public confidence, once lost, is difficult to rebuild without transparent accountability and visible adherence to the rule of law.
As calls for restraint grow louder, the attention of the nation remains fixed on how the EFCC will respond to the fears now circulating among ordinary citizens.