Meningitis is not a strange disease in Nigeria. As of the time of filing this report, 1858 suspected cases and 157 deaths have been recorded in 23 states, with Kebbi, Sokoto, Katsina, Jigawa, Yobe, and Gombe being the most seriously affected.
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) reports that children aged 5 to 14 are most vulnerable, with boys accounting for 60% of suspected cases.
What is Meningitis?
It is a serious infection that causes inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis has three types: viral, bacterial, and fungal.
Viral meningitis is often mild and caused by enteroviruses; bacterial meningitis is severe and caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis; and fungal meningitis is rare and generally affects persons with weakened immune systems.
Things You Must Know About Meningitis?
TRANSMISSION:
Meningitis can be transmitted via respiratory droplets. It can also be contracted from an infected person or contaminated food and water.
SYMPTOMS
If you get Meningitis, you will notice the following symptoms: fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, disorientation, seizures (in severe instances), and sensitivity to light.
RISK FACTORS
Some factors are causative, can promote or permit transmission, or raise the likelihood of infection. These risk factors include age (infants, young children, and older adults are more vulnerable), a compromised immune system, contact with sick persons, and travel to locations with a high incidence of meningitis.
PREVENTION
Meningitis can be avoided by receiving a meningococcal vaccine, practicing good hygiene (handwashing and eating high-quality food), and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Government and health organizations conduct vaccination campaigns and awareness programs.
Meningococcal conjugate vaccination (MCV4) protects against bacterial meningitis. Routine immunization is suggested for: children (11-12 years old), teens (16-18 years old), tourists to high-risk locations and persons with certain medical disorders.
TREATMENT
Bacterial meningitis, like viral meningitis, is treatable with antibiotics, antiviral medications, and supportive care. Antifungal drugs can help treat fungal meningitis.
