On October 1, 1960, Nigeria became an independent nation after over 60 years of British colonial rule.
At midnight, the Union Jack was lowered at the Race Course, now Tafawa Balewa Square in Lagos, and the new green-white-green flag was hoisted.
Thousands of Nigerians and foreign dignitaries witnessed the historic ceremony that marked the birth of Africa’s most populous nation as a sovereign state.
Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa assumed office as Prime Minister, while Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe became Governor-General, representing the Queen as Head of State.
In his address, Prime Minister Balewa urged Nigerians to remain united and build a prosperous nation.
1963: NIGERIA BECOMES A REPUBLIC
On October 1, 1963, Nigeria became a Federal Republic, ending its status as a British dominion.
The proclamation severed the country’s final constitutional ties with the British Monarchy, three years after independence.
Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, former Governor-General, was sworn in as the first President of the Federal Republic at a ceremony in Lagos.
Under the new Republican Constitution, Dr. Azikiwe became the ceremonial Head of State, while Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa continued as Head of Government.
Nigeria retained its membership as a republic within the Commonwealth.
1979: SECOND REPUBLIC BEGINS AS SHAGARI TAKES OATH
On October 1, 1979, Alhaji Shehu Shagari was sworn in as President, heralding the start of the Second Republic.
The inauguration in Lagos ended 13 years of military rule and ushered in the presidential system under the 1979 Constitution.
Shagari, candidate of the National Party of Nigeria (NPN), took oath as Nigeria’s first Executive President following his victory in the August general election.
In his inaugural speech, he pledged to uphold the constitution, foster national unity and revive the economy.
